Sasayama’s Weblog


2009/11/10 Tuesday

»ä¤¬ÇÀÎӿ建¾Ê¤ËÄó½Ð¤·¤¿¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤˴ؤ¹¤ë°Õ¸«¤ÎÁ´Ê¸

Filed under: ̤ʬÎà — ´ÉÍý¿Í @ 18:26:20

2009ǯ11·î10Æü
¡¡
ÇÀÎӿ建¾Ê¤Ç¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤˴ؤ¹¤ë°Õ¸«¤ÎÊ罸¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢Í¾·×¤Ê¤³¤È¤«¤È¤Ï»×¤¤¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬¡¢²¼µ­¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê°Õ¸«(¸¶¹ÆÍѻ洹»»36Ëç)¤ò¡¢ËÜÆüÄó½Ð¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£

¤´»²¹Í¤Þ¤Ç¡¢·ÇºÜ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£

°Ê²¼¡¢°Õ¸«¤ÎÁ´Ê¸

¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©ÅÙ¤¬WTO¥³¥ó¥×¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥¹¤ËÄñ¿¨¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ø¤Î´í×ü

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ºû»³¡¡ÅÐÀ¸

º£²ó¡¢ ÇÀÎӿ建¾Ê¤«¤é¹ṉ̃¤Ë°Õ¸«¤òµá¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤ϡ¢¤½¤Î¸¶·¿¤ò¡¢¸½ºß¤ÎÀ¯¸¢Í¿ÅÞ¤Î̱¼çÅÞ¤¬¿ôǯÁ°¤Ë·Ç¤²¤¿¸ÄÊ̡ʸÍÊ̡˽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©ÅÙ(¸å¤ÎÇÀ¶È¼Ô¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©ÅÙ)¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤ß¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤³¤Î¸¶·¿¤¬¿ôǯÁ°¤ËÄ󼨤µ¤ì¤¿»þÅÀ¤«¤é¡¢»ä¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ÎÀ©Å٤Υ¹¥­¡¼¥à¤¬¡¢Ãø¤·¤¯¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎÅö»þ¤Î2002ǯÇÀ¶ÈË¡¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë²Á³ÊÊÑÆ°Âбþ·¿»Ùʧ¡Êcounter¡¡cyclical payments)(CCP)¤Ë»÷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤ÈÁÛÄꤷ¡¢¤³¤Î¸ÄÊ̡ʸÍÊ̡˽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©ÅÙ¤¬¡¢WTO¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢Åö»þ¤«¤é¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î²Á³ÊÊÑÆ°Âбþ·¿»Ùʧ(CCP)¤¬»ØÃƤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ÈƱÍÍ¡¢ËÇ°×ÏĶÊŪ¤Ê¹ñÆâÂкö¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢WTO¤Î¾ì¤Ç¡¢º£¸å¡¢»ØÃƤµ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«?¤È¤Î·üÇ°¡¦´í×ü¤ò¤â¤Á¡¢¤¤¤í¤¤¤í¤Ê¾ìÌ̤ǼçÄ¥¤·¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
¤´»²¾È
Åö»þ¤Î»ä¤Î¥Ö¥í¥°µ­»ö¡Ö¾®Âô̱¼çÅÞ¤¬·Ç¤²¤ë¸ÄÊ̡ʸÍÊ̡˽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤ϡ¢ËÇ°×ÏĶÊŪÊä½õ¶â¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤«?¡×
http://www.sasayama.or.jp/wordpress/?p=653
¤Ê¤É¡£

¤Ê¤ª¡¢¤³¤ÎÅö»þ¤Î²Á³ÊÊÑÆ°Âбþ·¿»Ùʧ¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¸å¡¢2008ǯÇÀ¶ÈË¡¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡ÖľÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©Å١סÊThe Direct and Counter-cyclical Payment Program (DCP) )¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤«¤ï¤ê¡¢½¾Íè¤Î¥¹¥­¡¼¥à(²Á³ÊÊÑÆ°Âбþ·¿»Ùʧ¤¤¡ÜľÀܸÇÄê»Ùʧ¤¤)¤Ë¤¯¤ï¤¨¡¢ ¿·¤¿¤Ë¡¢¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢ACRE»Ùʧ¤¤¤¬Äɲ䵤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

º£²ó¡¢ÇÀÎӿ建¾Ê¤«¤é¡¢°ìËç¤Î¥Ú¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¤Î¤ß¤Î·Á¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢ Àµ¼°¤Ë¡Ö¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å١פΥ¹¥­¡¼¥à¤¬Ä󼨤µ¤ì¡¢¤¢¤­¤é¤«¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È¤È¤â¤Ë¡¢»ä¤Ï¡¢¤Þ¤¹¤Þ¤¹¡¢¤³¤Î¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤¬¡¢WTO¥³¥ó¥×¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥¹¤ËÄñ¿¨¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ø¤Î´í×ü¡¦·üÇ°¤ò¶¯¤á¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

1.¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤Υ¹¥­¡¼¥à

º£²ó¡¢ ÇÀÎӿ建¾Ê¤´Ä󼨤ΡָÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤˴ؤ¹¤ë¥â¥Ç¥ëÂкö¡×¤ò ¸«¤ë¸Â¤ê¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¡¢ ²ò¼á¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

(1).ÊƸÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þ¥â¥Ç¥ë»ö¶È

ÊƤΡÖÀ¸»º¿ôÎÌÌÜɸ¡×¤Ë¨¤·¤¿À¸»º¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿ÈÎÇäÇÀ²È(ÄêµÁ¤ÏÉÔÌÀ)¤òÂоݤȤ·¡¢Êä½þÁ¼ÃÖ¤ò¹Ö¤¸¤ë¡£

A.²Á³Ê¿å½à¤Ë¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¸òÉÕ¤¹¤ëÄê³ÛÉôʬ¡áɸ½àŪ¤ÊÀ¸»º¤ËÍפ¹¤ëÈñÍÑ(²áµî¿ôǯʬ¤ÎÊ¿¶Ñ)(²È²ϫƯÈñ8³ä¡Ü·Ð±ÄÈñ)
¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¥¹
ɸ½àŪ¤ÊÈÎÇä²Á³Ê(²áµî¿ôǯʬ¤ÎÊ¿¶Ñ)

B.Êä½þÂоݤÎÊƲÁ¿å½à¡áɸ½àŪ¤ÊÀ¸»º¤ËÍפ¹¤ëÈñÍÑ

C.Êä½þ¶â³Û

(A)ɸ½àŪ¤ÊÀ¸»º¤ËÍפ¹¤ëÈñÍÑ¡¡>¡¡(²Á³Ê¿å½à¤Ë¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¸òÉÕ¤¹¤ëÄê³ÛÉôʬ+Åöǯ¤ÎÈÎÇä²Á³Ê)
¤Î¾ì¹ç

Êä½þ¶â³Û¡áɸ½àŪ¤ÊÀ¸»º¤ËÍפ¹¤ëÈñÍÑ¡ÝÅöǯ¤ÎÈÎÇä²Á³Ê

(B)ɸ½àŪ¤ÊÀ¸»º¤ËÍפ¹¤ëÈñÍÑ¡¡< ¡¡(²Á³Ê¿å½à¤Ë¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¸òÉÕ¤¹¤ëÄê³ÛÉôʬ+Åöǯ¤ÎÈÎÇä²Á³Ê)
¤Î¾ì¹ç

Êä½þ¶â³Û¡á²Á³Ê¿å½à¤Ë¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¸òÉÕ¤¹¤ëÄê³ÛÉôʬ

¡Öɸ½àŪ¤ÊÀ¸»º¤ËÍפ¹¤ëÈñÍѡס¢¡Öɸ½àŪ¤ÊÈÎÇä²Á³Ê¡×¡¢¡ÖÅöǯ¤ÎÈÎÇä²Á³Ê¡×¤Î»»ÄêÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢ÉÔÌÀ¡£

(2)¿åÅÄÍø³èÍѼ«µëÎϸþ¾å»ö¶È

ÊƤΡÖÀ¸»º¿ôÎÌÌÜɸ¡×¤Ë¨¤·¤¿À¸»º¤Î¤¤¤«¤ó¤Ë´Ø¤ï¤é¤º¡¢¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÀ¸»º¼Ô(ÄêµÁ¤ÏÉÔÌÀ)¤ò½õÀ®ÂоݤȤ·¡¢¿åÅĤòÍ­¸ú³èÍѤ·ÆÃÄêÉÊÌܤòÀ¸»º¤¹¤ëÈÎÇäÇÀ²È(ÄêµÁ¤ÏÉÔÌÀ)¤ËÂФ·¡¢¼ç¿©ÍÑÊÆʤνêÆÀ¤ò³ÎÊݤ·ÆÀ¤ë¿å½à¤òľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤¹¤ë¡£

ÂоÝÉÊÌÜÊ̤Ëñ²Á(10aÅö¤¿¤ê)ÀßÄê

ÂоÝÉÊÌܤÏ
Çþ¡¢ÂçƦ¡¢»ôÎÁºîʪ
¿·µ¬¼ûÍ×ÊÆ¡ÊÊÆÊ´ÍÑŽ¥»ôÎÁÍÑŽ¥¥Ð¥¤¥ªÇ³ÎÁÍÑÊÆ¡¢WCSÍÑ°ð¡Ë
¤½¤Ð¡¢¤Ê¤¿¤Í¡¢²Ã¹©ÍÑÊÆ
¤½¤Î¾ºîʪ¡§ÃÏ°è¤Çñ²ÁÀßÄê²Äǽ

2.WTO¥³¥ó¥×¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥¹È½ÃǤÎÁ°Äó¾ò·ï

º£²óÄ󼨤µ¤ì¤¿´Êñ¤Ê°ìËç¥Ú¡¼¥Ñ¡¼¤«¤é¤Î¤ß¸À¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢²¼µ­¤ÎÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤«¤í¤¦¤«¤È¸¤¸¤Þ¤¹¡£

(1).¡Öɸ½àŪ¤ÊÀ¸»º¤ËÍפ¹¤ëÈñÍѡפˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¡Ö²áµî¿ôǯʬ¤ÎÊ¿¶Ñ¡×¤ò¡Ö²È²ϫƯÈñ8³ä¡Ü·Ð±ÄÈñ¡×¤Ê¤É¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢»»Äꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¡£

(2).¡Öɸ½àŪ¤ÊÈÎÇä²Á³Ê¡×¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¡Ö²áµî¿ôǯʬ¤ÎÊ¿¶Ñ¡×¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢»»Äꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¡£

(3).¡Öɸ½àŪ¤ÊÀ¸»º¤ËÍפ¹¤ëÈñÍѡפȤ·¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢Ãæ¤Ë¡Ö²È²ϫƯÈñ8³ä¡×¤È¤¢¤ê¡¢°ìÄê³ä¹ç¤Ç¤Î½êÆÀÊݾã¤Ç¤â¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¡¢

(4).ÊƸÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þ¥â¥Ç¥ë»ö¶È¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëÊä½þÁ¼Ã֤ϡ¢ÊƤΡÖÀ¸»º¿ôÎÌÌÜɸ¡×¤Ë¨¤·¤¿À¸»º¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿ÈÎÇäÇÀ²È¤òÂоݤȤ·¡¢¿åÅÄÍø³èÍѼ«µëÎϸþ¾å»ö¶È¤Ë¤è¤ëľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¡¢ÊƤΡÖÀ¸»º¿ôÎÌÌÜɸ¡×¤Ë¨¤·¤¿À¸»º¤Î¤¤¤«¤ó¤Ë´Ø¤ï¤é¤º¡¢¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÀ¸»º¼Ô¤ò½õÀ®ÂоݤȤ·¡¢ÆÃÄêÉÊÌܤòÀ¸»º¤¹¤ëÈÎÇäÇÀ²È¤ËÂФ·¡¢¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¡¢

(5)¡ÖÄê³ÛÉôʬ+¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¡×¤ÇÊä½þ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢Äê³ÛÉôʬ¤Î°ìÉô¤ò¥¢¥·¥­¥ê¤·Êä½þ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£

(6)¼¡¤Î¹àÌܤÎÍ×·ï¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤¬¡¢¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£
A.¡ÖÈÎÇäÇÀ²È¡×¤ÎÄêµÁ¤¬ÉÔÌÀ
B.¡Ö¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÀ¸»º¼Ô¡×¤ÎÄêµÁ¤¬ÉÔÌÀ
C.¡Öɸ½àŪ¤ÊÀ¸»º¤ËÍפ¹¤ëÈñÍѡפλ»ÄêÊýË¡¤¬ÉÔÌÀ¡¢
D.¡Öɸ½àŪ¤ÊÈÎÇä²Á³Ê¡×¤Î»»ÄêÊýË¡¤¬ÉÔÌÀ¡¢
E.¡ÖÅöǯ¤ÎÈÎÇä²Á³Ê¡×¤Î»»ÄêÊýË¡¤¬ÉÔÌÀ

Á°Äó¾ò·ï

°Ê¾å¤Î¤³¤È¤«¤é¡¢¼¡¤Î¤³¤È¤¬¸À¤¨¤ë¤«¤È¸¤¸¤Þ¤¹¡£

ÊƸÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þ¥â¥Ç¥ë»ö¶È¤Ï¡¢ÊƤΡÖÀ¸»º¿ôÎÌÌÜɸ¡×¤Ë¨¤·¤¿À¸»º¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿ÈÎÇäÇÀ²È¤òÂоݤȤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÅÀ¤«¤é¤Ï¡¢¡ÖÀ¸»ºÀ©¸ÂŪ(production-limiting )¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤·¤«¤·¡¢¡Ö²Á³Ê¤Î¾å¾º¡¦²¼¹ß¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Êä½þ¶â³Û¤¬¾å¾º¡¦²¼¹ß¡×¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡¢¤Þ¤¿¡¢¡Ö¸½ºß¤ÎÀ¸»º¤¬¡¢Êä½þ¶â³Û¤ÈϢư¡×¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¡¢WTO¤ÎÇÀ¶È¶¨Äê¤Î¥¢¡¼¥Æ¥£¥¯¥ë6¤ÈÉí°½ñ2¤ËÇØÃÚ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬·üÇ°¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢ÊƤËÉÊÌܤòÆÃÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ëÅÀ¤Ç¡¢»ºÉÊÆÃÄêŪ(product specific )¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£

ɸ½àŪ¤ÊÀ¸»º¤ËÍפ¹¤ëÈñÍѤλ»½Ð¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¡Ö²È²ϫƯÈñ8³ä¡Ü·Ð±ÄÈñ¡×¤È¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢WTOÇÀ¶È¶¨ÄêÉÕ°½ñ2¤ÎÃæ¤Î¡Ö£·¡¡¼ýÆþÊݸ±µÚ¤Ó¼ýÆþÊݾڤ˷¸¤ë»Üºö¤Ø¤ÎÀ¯ÉܤκâÀ¯Åª¤Ê»²²Ã¡×(b) ¤³¤Î»Ùʧ¤Î³Û¤Ï¡¢À¸»º¼Ô¤¬¤³¤Î±ç½õ¤ò¼õ¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎŬ³ÊÀ­¤òÍ­¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿Ç¯¤ÎÅö³ºÀ¸»º¼Ô¤ÎÁÓ¼º¤·¤¿¼ýÆþ¤Î¼·½½¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È°Ê¾å¤Î³Û¤òÊä½þ¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£¡×¤Îµ¬Äê¤ËÄñ¿¨¤·¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£¡£

¿åÅÄÍø³èÍѼ«µëÎϸþ¾å»ö¶È¤Ï¡¢ÊƤΡÖÀ¸»º¿ôÎÌÌÜɸ¡×¤ò¼é¤ëÇÀ²È¤â¼é¤é¤Ê¤¤ÇÀ²È¤â¡¢ÂоݤȤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÅÀ¤Ç¡¢¡ÖÀ¸»ºÀ©¸ÂŪ(production-limiting )¡×¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢¤Þ¤¿¡¢ÉÊÌܤòÆÃÄê(product specific )¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÅÀ¤Ç¡¢ÉÊÌܲ£ÃÇŪ (non-commodity specific)¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£

¡ÖÄê³ÛÉôʬ¡× ¤ò¾å²ó¤Ã¤ÆÊä½þ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢Äê³ÛÉôʬ¤ò²¼²ó¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢¤³¤Î¡ÖÄê³ÛÉôʬ¤ò¾å²ó¤êÊä½þ¤¹¤ëÉôʬ¡×¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎÍýÏÀŪ¤ÊÀâÌÀ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£

3.¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎľÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©Å٤ȡ¢ÆüËܤθÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤ȤÎÎà»÷ÅÀ

¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î2008ǯÇÀ¶ÈË¡¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯Ä¾ÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©ÅÙ(DCP:Direct and
Counter-cyclical Payment¡¢2002ǯÇÀ¶ÈË¡¤Ç¤ÎCCP¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤â²Á³ÊÊÑÆ°Âбþ·¿»Ùʧ¤¤¤ÈľÀܸÇÄê»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÏƱÍÍ)¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¡Ö²Á³ÊÊÑÆ°Âбþ·¿»Ùʧ¤¤¡×¡ÖľÀܸÇÄê»Ùʧ¤¤¡×¡Ö£Á£Ã£Ò£Å»Ùʧ¤¤¡×¤Î¸ø¼°¤Ï²¼µ­¤Î¤È¤ª¤ê¤Ç¤¹¡£
¤´»²¾È
»ä¤Î¥Ö¥í¥°µ­»ö
¡Ö³Ð½ñ-̱¼çÅޤθÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤ȥ¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎľÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©ÅÙ¡ÊDCP:Direct and Counter-cyclical Payment¡Ë¤È¤Î°ã¤¤¡×
http://www.sasayama.or.jp/wordpress/?p=1097

(1).²Á³ÊÊÑÆ°Âбþ·¿»Ùʧ¤¤

ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤³Ûñ²Á(CCP PaymentRate)¡áÌÜɸ²Á³Ê(Target Price)¡ÝÍ­¸ú²Á³Ê(Effective Price)

(2).ľÀܸÇÄê»Ùʧ¤¤

ľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤³Ûñ²Á(Direct Payment Rate)¡áÄêΨ»Ùʧ¤¤¥ì¡¼¥È(payment rate )¡ß´ð½àÌÌÀÑ(base acres )¡ßÇÀ¾ì¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à»º½Ð¹â( farm program yield)¡ß85¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È

(3).£Á£Ã£Ò£Å»Ùʧ¤¤

½¾Íè¤Î¡Ö²Á³ÊÊÑÆ°Âбþ·¿»Ùʧ¤¤+ľÀܸÇÄê»Ùʧ¤¤¡×¤Î¥ª¥ë¥¿¥Ê¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢£Á£Ã£Ò£Å»Ùʧ¤¤¤«¡¢¡Ö²Á³ÊÊÑÆ°Âбþ·¿»Ùʧ¤¤+ľÀܸÇÄê»Ùʧ¤¤¡×¤«¤Î¤É¤Á¤é¤«¤òÆó¼ÔÂò°ì¤Ç¤¨¤é¤Ö¡£
²áµîºîÉÕ¤±¼ÂÀӤΤʤ¤ºîʪ¤ËÀÚ¤êÂؤ¨¤Æ¤â¡¢Êä½þ³Û¤ËÈ¿±Ç¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

£Á£Ã£Ò£ÅÊݾڳÛ=£°¡¥£¹¡ß²áµî£µÇ¯Ê¿¶Ñ½£Ã±¼ý¡ß²áµî£²Ç¯Ê¿¶ÑÁ´¹ñ²Á³Ê
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ã¢¤·¡¢£µÇ¯Ê¿¶Ñ¤ÏºÇÂçºÇ¾®¤Îǯ¤ò½ü¤¯£³Ç¯Ê¿¶Ñ¡¡

Æó¤Ä¤Î¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤ÎÎà»÷ÅÀ

¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢¤Ä¤®¤Î¸ø¼°¤ÎÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ò¤·¤Æ¸«¤Þ¤¹¤È¡¢ÆüËܤθÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÊý¼°¤È¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î2008ǯÇÀ¶ÈË¡¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯Ä¾ÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©Å٤ȤÎÎà»÷ÅÙ¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë¤«¤È¸¤¸¤Þ¤¹¡£

¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©Å٤ΡÖÉÔ­ʧ¤¤³Ûñ²Á(CCP PaymentRate)¡×¡áÆüËܤθÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤ΡֲÁ³Ê¿å½à¤Ë¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¸òÉÕ¤¹¤ëÄê³ÛÉôʬ¡×

¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©Å٤ΡÖÌÜɸ²Á³Ê(Target Price)¡×¡áÆüËܤθÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤ΡÖɸ½àŪ¤ÊÀ¸»º¤ËÍפ¹¤ëÈñÍÑ¡×

¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©Å٤ΡÖÍ­¸ú²Á³Ê(Effective Price)¡×¡áÆüËܤθÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤ΡÖɸ½àŪ¤ÊÈÎÇä²Á³Ê¡×

4.¸½ºß¡¢WTO¥É¡¼¥Ï¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¸ò¾Ä¤Ç¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎľÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©Å٤β¿¤¬ÌäÂê¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤«?

Îò»ËŪ¤Ê·Ð°Þ¤ò½Ò¤Ù¤ëÁ°¤Ë¡¢ Ê̤ËÈéÆù¤Ê°ÕÌ£¤Ç·Ç¤²¤ë¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢ 2009ǯ3·î12Æü¤ËWTO¤Ç³«ºÅ¤µ¤ì¤¿¡Ö committee meeting ¡×¤Ç¤ÎÆüËܦ¤Î°Õ¸«¤ò¸«¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦¡£
»²¾È
¡ÖCommittee focuses on monitoring agriculture commitments¡×
http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news09_e/ag_com_12mar09_e.htm

¤³¤³¤Ç¤Î¼çÍ×µÄÂê¤Ï¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎľÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©ÅÙ¤ÎËÇ°×ÏĶÊÅ٤ˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Î³Æ¹ñ¤«¤é¤Î°Õ¸«Ä°¼è¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£

¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢ÆüËܦ¤Ï¡¢¥ª¡¼¥¹¥È¥é¥ê¥¢¡¢¥Ö¥é¥¸¥ë¤È¤È¤â¤Ë¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎľÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©ÅÙ¤ËÂФ·¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¼ÁÌä¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¡Ö¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Ï¡¢º£¸å¤È¤â¤³¤ì¤é¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤¬¡¢ÆÃÄê¤Îºîʪ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢»Ù»ý¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¤Â³¤±¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤òÀµÅö²½¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤«?¡×

¤³¤ì¤é¤Îµ¿Ìä¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì°ÊÁ°¤«¤é¡¢¤¿¤Ó¤¢¤ë¤´¤È¤Ë½Ð¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¤³¤ì¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥¢¥á¥ê¥«Â¦¤ÎÅú¤¨¤Ï¡¢¤¤¤Ä¤â¡¢°ì½ï¤Ç¡¢

¡Ö¤³¤ì¤é¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¡¢²áµî¤ÎÀ¸»º¼ÂÀӤ˴ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ»Ùʧ¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¤«¤Ê¤é¤º¤·¤â¡¢ÆÃÄêºîʪ¤ÎÀ¸»º¼Ô¤¬»Ùʧ¤¤¤Î¼õÎμԤȤʤ뤳¤È¤Ï¡¢Í׵ᤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¡¢¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ëÆÃÄê¤Îºîʪ¤Ø¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ç¤â¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¡×

¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¤ä¤ê¼è¤ê¤¬¡¢º£Å٤ϡ¢¥Ö¡¼¥á¥é¥ó¤Î¤´¤È¤¯¡¢ÆüËܦ¤Ë¤«¤¨¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤òÇ°¤¸¤ë¤Ð¤«¤ê¤Ç¤¹¡£

WTO¥É¡¼¥Ï¡¦¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¥¢¥á¥ê¥«Â¦¤Î»Í¤Ä¤Î¸í»»

¸½ºß¤Î2008ǯÇÀ¶ÈË¡¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯Ä¾ÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©Å٤Υ١¼¥¹¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë2002ǯÇÀ¶ÈË¡¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë²Á³ÊÊÑÆ°Âбþ·¿»Ùʧ¤Ï¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢ ¤½¤ì¤ò¤µ¤«¤Î¤Ü¤ë1996ǯÇÀ¶ÈË¡¤ÎÉÔ­ʧ¤¤¤Î¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤ò°ú¤­·Ñ¤¤¤À¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢WTO¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¤¿¤Ó¤¿¤Ó¡¢¤½¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤¬¡¢ËÇ°×ÏĶÊŪ¤Ê¹ñÆâ²Á³Ê»Ù»ý¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¡¢»ØÃƤµ¤ì¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£

¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«USDA¤Ç¤Ï¡¢WTO¥³¥ó¥×¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥¹°ãÈ¿¤Ø¤Î³Æ¹ñ¤«¤é¤ÎÈóÆñ¤ò¡¢¥É¡¼¥Ï¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¸ò¾Ä¤ÇÈò¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¼¡¤Î»Í¤Ä¤Î¥Æ¥¯¥Ë¥«¥ë¤Ê¼êÃʤǤ«¤ï¤½¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£

Âè°ì¤Ï¡¢ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤¤ò¡¢ ¡Ö¿·¡¦ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¡×¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢Ç§¤á¤µ¤»¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È

ÂèÆó¤Ï¡¢¾ùµö¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤È¡¢¼Â¹Ô¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤¬¡¢°Û¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¡¢²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤«¤éÎФäÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤Ø¤Î¡¢¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¡¦¥·¥Õ¥È¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¡¢

Âè»°¤Ï¡¢ÉÊÌܲ£ÃǤò±£¤ì̬¤Ë¤·¤¿¡Ö¥Ç¥ß¥Ë¥ß¥¹È´¤±·ê(De Minimis loophole)¡×¤òÍøÍѤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¡¢

Âè»Í¤Ï¡¢2008ǯÇÀ¶ÈË¡¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎľÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©Å٤Υª¥ë¥¿¥Ê¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢ ¿·¤¿¤Ë¡¢ACRE»Ùʧ¤¤(Ê¿¶Ñºîʪ¼ýÆþÁªÂò¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à)À©ÅÙ¤ò ¤â¤¦¤±¤¿¤³¤È

¤·¤«¤·¡¢ ¤³¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤â¡¢¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎWTO¥É¡¼¥Ï¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¤Ç¤Î¸ò¾Ä¤Ç¤Ï¡¢³Æ¹ñ¤«¤é¡¢ÈÝÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢Âè°ì¤Î¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î¡Ö¿·¡¦ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¡×Äó°Æ¤Ï¡¢2004ǯ7¡Ý8·î¹ç°Õ¤Î¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¥ï¡¼¥¯(¡ÖWTO July 2004 Package of Framework Agreements¡×)¤Ç¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬¡¢¤½¤Î¸å¡¢ 2006ǯ3·î22Æü¤Ë¡¢Èó¸ø¼°¤Ç³«¤«¤ì¤¿¥³¥ó¥µ¥ë¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó²ñµÄ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¡Ö½¾Íè¤ÎÀĤÎÀ¯ºö(Old Blue Box)¤ÎµÄÏÀ¤È¡¢º£²ó¥¢¥á¥ê¥«Â¦Äó°Æ¤Î¿·¡¦ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö(New Blue box)¤È¤Ï¡¢³ÖÀ䤷¤ÆµÄÏÀ¤¹¤Ù¤­¡×¤È¤Î°Õ¸«¤Ç¤Þ¤È¤Þ¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£

ÂèÆó¤Î¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¡¦¥·¥Õ¥È¤Ï¡¢²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤«¤é¿¶¤êÂؤ¨¤é¤ì¡¢¿åÁý¤·¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥ß¥Ë¥ß¥¹¤äÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤Î¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤Ï¡¢¾ùµö¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢¼Â¹Ô¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ç¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤µ¤ì¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¾ùµö(Ìó«) ¿å½à¤Ç¤Î²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤Îºï¸º¤Ï²Ì¤¿¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢Á´ÂΤǤϡ¢¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹´Ö¤Î¤ä¤ê¤¯¤ê¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢ËÇ°×ÏĶÊŪ¹ñÆâÊä½õ¶â¤ÎÁí³Û(Á´ÂÎŪºï¸º)¤Ï¡¢¸º³Û¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤Ç¤¹¡£

²«¿§¤Î¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤«¤éÀĤΥܥ寥¹¤Ø¤Î¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¡¦¥·¥Õ¥È¡×(box shifting amber box to blue box)¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡¢¡ÖÊä½õ¶â¤Î°áÂؤ¨¡×(reclassify subsidies)¤Ê¤É¤È¤¤¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤³¤ì¤ò¡¢¥·¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¤È¼ÂºÝŬÍѤȤδ֤Υ®¥ã¥Ã¥×¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡¢¹ñÆâ»Ù»ýÀ¯ºö¤Î¿åÁý¤·(the stretch of water )¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡¢¥ª¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥Ï¥ó¥°(Overhang¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡¢Binding Overhang)¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

2005ǯ12·î18Æü¤Î¹á¹Á¤Ç¤ÎWTO¤Ç¤ÎºÇ½ª¹ç°Õ³ÕνÀë¸À(¥É¡¼¥Ïºî¶È·×²è³ÕνÀë¸À)¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥°¥é¥Õ5(On domestic support)¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¡¢¡Ö¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¡¦¥·¥Õ¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°µ¬À©¥ë¡¼¥ë¡×¤È¤â¤¤¤¦¤Ù¤­¤â¤Î¤¬ÉÕ¤±²Ã¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£

¡ÖËÇ°×ÏĶÊŪ¹ñÆâ»Ù»ýÁ´ÂΤκ︺¤ÏŽ¤½õÀ®¹ç·×ÁíÎ̤κǽª¾ùµö¿å½àŽ¤¥Ç¥ß¥Ë¥ß¥¹µÚ¤ÓÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤Îºï¸º¤Î¹ç·×¤ÎÊý¤¬Á´ÂΤκ︺¤è¤ê¾®¤µ¤¯¤Æ¤â¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¡×

¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¡¦¥·¥Õ¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤òÍøÍѤ·¤¿²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºöƨ¤ì¤Ï¡¢¸í»»¤Ë½ª¤ï¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£

¤Þ¤¿¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Âè»°¤ÎÉÊÌܲ£ÃǤò±£¤ì̬¤Ë¤·¤¿¡Ö¥Ç¥ß¥Ë¥ß¥¹È´¤±·ê(De Minimis loophole)¡×ÍøÍѤ⡢Éõ¤¸¤é¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤Ë¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥·¥Õ¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤Î¼ÂÂ֤ˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢ 2001ǯ2·îÆϽФβ«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö(AMS)¤Ç¤Ï144²¯¥É¥ë¡¢¥É¡¼¥Ï¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¤Ç¤Ï76²¯¥É¥ë¤È¡¢68²¯¥É¥ë¸º¾¯¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¤«¤ï¤ê¤Ë¡¢¥Ç¥ß¥Ë¥ß¥¹+27²¯¥É¥ë¡¢ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö+48²¯¥É¥ë¡¢ÎФÎÀ¯ºö0¡¢¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¼Â¼ÁŪ¤ÊTDS(AMS(²«¿§) +¥Ç¥ß¥Ë¥ß¥¹+ ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö)¤Ï¡¢ µÕ¤Ë¡¢7²¯¥É¥ë¤ÎÁý²Ã¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¸½¶·¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£

Âè»Í¤ÎACRE»Ùʧ¤¤(Ê¿¶Ñºîʪ¼ýÆþÁªÂò¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à)À©Å٤ˤĤ¤¤Æ¤â¡¢¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Î2002ǯÇÀ¶ÈË¡¤Ç¤Î¥¹¥­¡¼¥à°Ê¾å¤Ë²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤ÎÈãȽ¤¬¹â¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

FAPRI(Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute)¤¬ºòǯ8·î¤Ëͽ¬¤·¤¿ACRE»Ù½Ð¤Î¿ôÃͤˤè¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤È¡¢2009ǯ11,683É´Ëü¥É¥ë¡¢2010ǯ2,283É´Ëü¥É¥ë¡¢2011ǯ 2,203É´Ëü¥É¥ë¡¢2012ǯ2,039É´Ëü¥É¥ë,2013ǯ1,901É´Ëü¥É¥ë¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎACRE¤â´Þ¤á¤¿²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤Î¥·¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¤¬,ǯ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ç191²¯¥É¥ë¤Ç¤¹¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤¤¤«¤Ë¡¢¤³¤ÎACRE¤¬ËÇ°×ÏĶÊŪ¤ÊƯ¤­¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¡¢³Æ¹ñ¤«¤é¤Î·Ù²ü¿´¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

Àè¤Ë¤¢¤²¤¿ 2009ǯ3·î12Æü¤ËWTO¤Ç³«ºÅ¤µ¤ì¤¿¡Ö committee meeting ¡×¤Ç¤â¡¢¥¢¥ë¥¼¥ó¥Á¥ó¡¢¥ª¡¼¥¹¥È¥é¥ê¥¢¡¢¥«¥Ê¥À¤ÎÂåɽ¤¬¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎACRE¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤ò¥¢¥á¥ê¥«Â¦¤Ëµá¤á¤¿¤Þ¤·¤¿¤¬¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«Â¦¤Ï¡¢¼ÂÀÓ¤¬¤Þ¤À½Ð¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤òÍýͳ¤Ë¡¢¤½¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤òµñÈݤ·¤¿¤È¤¤¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤³¤ÎACRE¤¬¡¢²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤ËʬÎव¤ì¤ëÍýͳ¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¼¡¤Î¤³¤È¤¬µó¤²¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¡ÖACRE»Ùʧ¤¤¤¬¡¢ºîÉÕ¤±¤Ë´ð¤Å¤­¡¢ºîÉÕÌÌÀѤÈÊ¿¶ÑºîʪÈÎÇä²Á³Ê¤È¼ýÎ̤Ȥ˴ð¤Å¤¯¸Â¤ê¡¢WTO¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÇÀºîʪ²Á³Ê»Ù»ýÊä½õ¶â¤Î²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤Î¥«¥Æ¥´¥ê¡¼¤ËʬÎव¤ì¤ë¡×

5.WTO¥É¡¼¥Ï¥é¥¦¥ó¥É·èÃå¤Ç¹ñÆâÇÀ¶È»Ù»ýÀ¯ºö¤Ï¡¢¤É¤¦¡¢ÊѳפòÇ÷¤é¤ì¤ë¤Î¤«?

WTO¥É¡¼¥Ï¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¤Ï¡¢2009ǯ9·î¤ÎG20¤Ç¤Î³Æ¹ñ¤Î¼óǾ¤Î³ÎÌó(¥Ô¥Ã¥Ä¥Ð¡¼¥°¡¦¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥È¥á¥ó¥È)¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢2010ǯÃæ¤Ç¤Î·èÃ夬¹ç°Õ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢º£¸å¡¢¿·¤¿¤Ê¥â¥À¥ê¥Æ¥£¡¦¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤Î¿·ÈǤ¬½Ð¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢Èù̯¤Ê¾ðÀª¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£

¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢°ìÉô¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¹ç°Õ¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢¿·¤·¤¤¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤ÎɬÍ×À­¤ò¶¯Ä´¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¸þ¤­¤â¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢ ¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¹ç°ÕÅÀ¤òÊø¤µ¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤¹¤¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¡¢ºòǯ£±£²·î¤ÎÂè»ÍÈÇ¥â¥À¥ê¥Æ¥£¡¦¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤ò¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ë¡¢ÂÅ·ë¤Ø¤ÎµÄÏÀ¤¬¿Ê¤á¤é¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤¬¡¢ÂçÊý¤Î´Ø·¸¼Ô¤Î¸«Êý¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¤½¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤³¤Ë¤¤¤¿¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎWTOÆâÉô¤Ç¤ÎÏÀµÄ¤Ë¡¢ÂçÉý¤ÊÊѹ¹¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤È¿ä¬¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

»ÄÇ°¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢ÆüËܤ¬ºÇ½ÅÍ×¹àÌܤȤ·¤Æ¼çÄ¥¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡¢­¡½ÅÍ×ÉÊÌܤν½Ê¬¤Ê¿ô¤È½ÀÆð¤Ê¼è°·¤¤¤Î³ÎÊÝ¡¢­¢¾å¸Â´ØÀǤÎÀßÄêÁ˻ߡ¢­£´ØÀdzäÅö¤Î¿·Àß¡¢¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â¡¢2008ǯ12·î6Æü¤Î²þÄû¥â¥À¥ê¥Æ¥£°Æ¤ÈÂ礭¤¯ÊѤï¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤µ¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£

¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢ ¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤¤¤ëºòǯ£±£²·î¤ÎÂè»ÍÈÇ¥â¥À¥ê¥Æ¥£¡¦¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤ò¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ë¡¢ÆüËܤؤαƶÁ¤ò»î»»¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤¹¤È¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤«¤È¤â¤¤¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£

Âè»ÍÈÇ¥â¥À¥ê¥Æ¥£¡¦¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢

½õÀ®¹ç·×ÁíÎ̤κǽª¾ùµö¿å½à¤Îºï¸º(Final Bound Total AMS)(FBTA)

ËÇ°×ÏĶÊŪ¹ñÆâ»Ù»ýÁ´ÂΤκ︺(Overall Trade-Distorting Domestic
Support)(OTDS)

¤¬ÂǤÁ½Ð¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢

Final Bound Total AMS(½õÀ®¹ç·×ÁíÎ̤κǽª¾ùµö¿å½à)(²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö)(²«¿§¤Îºï¸º)

(1).AMS¤¬400²¯¥É¥ë°Ê¾å¤Ï¡¢70%ºï¸º
(2).AMS¤¬150²¯¥É¥ë°Ê¾å¤Ï¡¢60%ºï¸º
(3).AMS¤¬150²¯¥É¥ë°Ê²¼¤Ï¡¢45%ºï¸º

Overall Trade-Distorting Domestic Support(OTDS)(ËÇ°×ÏĶÊŪ¹ñÆâ»Ù»ýÁ´ÂΤκ︺)(Á´ÂÎŪºï¸º)
Ãí¡ÝOTDS¡áFinal Bound Total AMS( ²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö) +¥Ç¥ß¥Ë¥ß¥¹+¥Ñ¥é¥°¥é¥Õ£¸¤Ë¤â¤È¤º¤¯ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö ¤³¤Î»°¤Ä¤Î¹ç·×³Û

(1).OTDS¤¬600²¯¥É¥ë°Ê¾å¤Ï¡¢80%ºï¸º
(2).OTDS¤¬100²¯¥É¥ë°Ê¾å¤Ï¡¢70%ºï¸º
(3).OTDS¤¬100²¯¥É¥ë°Ê²¼¤Ï¡¢55%ºï¸º

¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤³¤ì¤ËÊѲ½¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢ÆüËܤÎFinal Bound Total AMS¤Ï¡¢2000ǯÌó«¿å½à¤Ç3Ãû9729²¯±ß(431²¯¥É¥ë)¤Ç¤¹¤Î¤Ç¡¢

³¬Áؤϡ¢
AMS¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢the top tier¡¢
OTDS¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢the middle tier
³ºÅö¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢

AMS¤Ï¡¢70¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥Èºï¸º¡¢
OTDS¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢ÇÀ¶ÈÁíÀ¸»º³Û¤Î40¡ó°Ê¾å¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ëÄɲÃŪÅØÎÏʬ¤¬¡¢+5%²Ã»»¤µ¤ì¡¢70+5¡á75¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥Èºï¸º¡¢
¤È¤Ê¤ê¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£

¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢ÆüËܤΰìÉô¤Ë¡¢¡Ö¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎÆüËܤβ«¿§¤Î´û¸ºï¸ºÏÈ(¤¤¤ï¤æ¤ë¡ØÃù¤á¡Ù)¤ò¡¢¡Ö¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å١פ趻ñ¤Ë»È¤ª¤¦¡×¡¢¤È¼çÄ¥¤µ¤ì¤ë¸þ¤­¤â¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢²Ì¤¿¤·¤Æ¡¢¤É¤¦¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦?

2000ǯÌó«¿å½à¤Ç¡¢ÆüËܤβ«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤Ï¡¢3Ãû9729²¯±ß¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ë¡Ö¥Ç¥ß¥Ë¥ß¥¹+¥Ñ¥é¥°¥é¥Õ£¸¤Ë¤â¤È¤º¤¯ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¡×¤ò²Ã¤¨¤¿¤Î¤¬OTDS¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢2006ǯ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¥ß¥Ë¥ß¥¹376²¯±ß¡¢ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö701²¯±ß¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£

²¾¤Ë²«¿§¤Îºï¸ºÎ¨£·³ä¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ºï¸º¸å¤Ï
3Ãû9729²¯±ß¡ß30¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È¡á£±Ãû£²À鲯±ßÄøÅÙ(Final Bound Total AMS¡É ( Amber Box))¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¡¢ÆüËܤϡ¢2006ǯ»þÅÀ¤Ç¡¢²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤Ï¡¢5712²¯±ß¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢2000ǯÌó«(¾ùµö)¿å½à¤Î£±4%¤Þ¤Çºï¸º¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢Í¾Ê¬¤Ëºï¸º¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÉôʬ¤Ï¡¢
30¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È¡Ý16¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È¡á£±Ãû£²À鲯±ß-5712²¯±ß¡á7200²¯±ßÄøÅÙ¡¡¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ÎÉôʬ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢º£¸å¡¢¤¢¤é¤¿¤Ë²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ä¤«¤¨¤ë¤Î¤«?¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¤³¤ÎÂоݺîʪ¤òÂؤ¨¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¡Ö²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤«¤é¡¢ºÆ¤Ó¡¢²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤Ø¡×( ¡Èamber to white to re-amber¡É)¤Î¥¾¥ó¥ÓŪ¤Ê²ò¼á¤Ï¡¢WTO¤Î¼ñ»Ý¤«¤é¤·¤Æ¡¢ÄÌÍѤ·¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë»×¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢1995-2000ǯ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤Î²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤ÈÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤È¤ò·ë¹ç¤µ¤»¤¿Cap¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡Ö¸ÄÊÌ»ºÉÊËè¤Î²«¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤Î¾å¸Âµ¬À©¡×(Commodity-Specific AMS Cap)¤È¤¤¤¦ÉÊÌÜÊÌAMS¤Î¾å¸Â¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¡¢¹ñÊÌ¡¢¸ÄÊÌÉÊÌÜÊ̤ˡ¢¥â¥À¥ê¥Æ¥£¤ÎÉÕ°½ñ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ°ìÍ÷ɽ¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤³¤ì¤¬Å¬ÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¤È¤Ê¤ë¤È¡¢¥³¥áÇÀ²ÈµßºÑ¤ò¼ç¼´¤È¤·¤¿¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ÎÅÀ¤«¤é¤âCombined Cap¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤ò¼õ¤±¤¦¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤âÂ礭¤¤¤È¤¤¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£
¡Ö¸ÄÊÌ»ºÉÊËè¤Î²«¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤Î¾å¸Âµ¬À©¡×(Commodity-Specific AMS Cap)¤Îµ¢¿öÇ¡²¿¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢²«¿§¤«¤é²«¿§¤Ø¤Î°Â°×¤Ê¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹Æ⥷¥Õ¥È¤Ï¡¢Æñ¤·¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«?

6.WTO¥É¡¼¥Ï¥é¥¦¥ó¥É·èÃå¸å¤Î³Æ¹ñ¤Î¹ñÆâÇÀ¶È»Ù»ýÀ¯ºö¤Î¸«Ä¾¤·µ¡±¿

WTO¥É¡¼¥Ï¥é¥¦¥ó¥É·èÃå¸å¤Ï³Æ¹ñ¤Î¹ñÆâÇÀ¶È»Ù»ýÀ¯ºö¤Ï¡¢¤¤¤º¤ì¤â¡¢½¤Àµ¤ò ;µ·¤Ê¤¯¤µ¤ì¤ë¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤È¤¯¤ËÃíÌܤµ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î¥ª¥Ð¥ÞÀ¯¸¢¤ÎÆ°¤­¤Ç¤¹¡£

2008ǯÇÀ¶ÈË¡¤¬¡¢¥Ö¥Ã¥·¥åÀ¯¸¢¤È¥ª¥Ð¥ÞÀ¯¸¢¤È¤Î´Ö¤ÇÃÂÀ¸¤·¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦»ö¾ð¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Ë¤»¤è¡¢ ¥Ö¥Ã¥·¥åÀ¯¸¢¤«¤é¤Î¡Ö»Ä¤µ¤ì¤¿²Ùʪ¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¢Ä¾ÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©Å٤ˤĤ¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¥É¡¼¥Ï¡¦¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¤¬·èÃ夷¤¿»þÅÀ¤Ç¡¢¸«Ä¾¤·¤¿¤¤¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦µ¡±¿¤¬¡¢¥ª¥Ð¥ÞÀ¯¸¢¤Ç¤Ï¡¢È¯Â­Åö½é¤«¤é¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£

¥ª¥Ð¥ÞÂçÅýÎΤϡ¢2010ǯͽ»»¤Ç¡¢Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤Î¥«¥Ã¥È¤òµÄ²ñ¤ËÍ×ÀÁ¤·¤¿¤Û¤«¡¢Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤Î¾å¸Â¤ò¡¢°ì¿Í4Ëü¥É¥ë¤ËÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡¢CCP¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â¡¢6Ëü5Àé¥É¥ë¤Î¾å¸Â¤òÀߤ±¤ë¤³¤È¡¢¤½¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢145.000¥É¥ëÍ»»ñ¸ÂÅ٤Υޡ¼¥±¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¥í¡¼¥ó¤ÎÁÏÀߤò¤¹¤ë¤Ê¤É¤ÎÂкö¤Ë¾è¤ê½Ð¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥«¥Ã¥È¤Ë¤è¤êÀ¸¤¸¤¿ºâ¸»¤ò¡¢´Ä¶­²þÁ±»ö¶È¤Ê¤É¤Î¿·¶½»ö¶ÈÉôÌç¤Ë¥·¥Õ¥È¤µ¤»¤ë¹Í¤¨¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤³¤Îή¤ì¤«¤é¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Ï¡¢¤¹¤Ç¤ËľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤ÎÊý¸þ¤«¤é¡¢¿·¤·¤¤´Ä¶­ÉôÌç¤Ø¤Îºâ¸»¤Î¥·¥Õ¥È¤ò¿Þ¤ê¤Ä¤Ä¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£

¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÆ°¤­¤Ï¡¢WTOÂкö¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤â¸«¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢WTO¤ò¤¤¤¤¤­¤Ã¤«¤±¤Ë¤·¤Æ¡¢µðÂç¤ÊºâÀ¯»Ù½Ð¤òȼ¤¦¤³¤ÎľÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶â¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤ò¸«Ä¾¤·¤¿¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¥¤¥ó¥»¥ó¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤¬¶¯¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£

ÆüËܤˤª¤¤¤Æ¤â¡¢¤È¤¯¤Ë¡¢ÉÊÌܲ£ÃÇŪ·Ð±Ä°ÂÄêÂкö¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢WTO¥³¥ó¥×¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥¹¤ÎÅÀ¤«¤é¤Ï¡¢Â¿¾¯¤Î¸«Ä¾¤·¤òÇ÷¤é¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È»×¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

»ä¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ÎÉÊÌܲ£ÃÇŪ·Ð±Ä°ÂÄêÂкö¤Ï¡¢WTO¥³¥ó¥×¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥¹¤Î¤¹¤ì¤¹¤ì¤òÁÀ¤Ã¤¿¡¢Åö»þ¤ÎÇÀÎӿ建´±Î½¤Î³§ÍͤαÑÃΤ¬¹Ê¤é¤ì¤¿·æºî¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Èɾ²Á¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤¿¤À¡¢¤³¤ÎË¡°ÆÄó½Ð¤Î»þÅÀ(2006ǯ6·î21ÆüÀ®Î©)¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î¡Ö¿·ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¡×¤¬¡¢WTO¤«¤éǧÃΤµ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡¢¤È¤ÎÁ°Ä󤬤¢¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
¤½¤Î¸å¤Î·Ð°Þ¤Ï¡¢¾åµ­¤Î¤È¤ª¤ê¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î¡Ö¿·ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¡×¤Ï¡¢Ç§ÃΤµ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£

ÉÊÌܲ£ÃÇÀ¯ºö¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¤²¤¿¡×Éôʬ(À¸»ºÀ­¾ò·ï³Êº¹¤ÎÀ§ÀµÂкö)¤È¡¢¡Ö¤Ê¤é¤·¡×Éôʬ(ÈÎÇä¼ýÆþ¤ÎÊÑÆ°´ËÏÂÂкö)¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢¡Ö¤²¤¿¡×Éôʬ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¡Ö²áµî¤ÎºîÉÕÌÌÀѤ˴ð¤Å¤¯»Ùʧ¤¤¡×¡Öǯ¡¹¤ÎÀ¸»ºÎÌÅù¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯»Ùʧ¤¤¡×¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£

Åö»þ¤ÎÇÀÎӿ建¾Ê¤Î²ò¼á¤Ç¤Ï¡¢

¡Ö²áµî¤ÎºîÉÕÌÌÀѤ˴ð¤Å¤¯»Ùʧ¤¤¡£¡×¤Ï¡¢¸½¼Â¤ÎÀ¸»º¤È´ØÏ¢¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢ÎФÎÀ¯ºö¤Ë³ºÅö¡£¤¤¤ï¤æ¤ë¡ÖÎÐ¥²¥¿¡×
¡Öǯ¡¹¤ÎÀ¸»ºÎÌÅù¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯»Ùʧ¤¤¡£¡×¤Ï¡¢²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¡¢¤¤¤ï¤æ¤ë¡Ö²«¥²¥¿¡×
¡Ö¤Ê¤é¤·¡×Éôʬ(ÈÎÇä¼ýÆþ¤ÎÊÑÆ°´ËÏÂÂкö)¡×¤Ï¡¢ÉÊÌܲ£ÃÇŪ(non-commodity specific)¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢À¸»ºÄ´À°¤òȼ¤Ã¤¿¡ÖÀ¸»ºÀ©¸ÂŪ(production-limiting )¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡×¤È¤Î¾ò·ï¤Î²¼¤Ë¡¢¡ÖÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¡×

¤È¤Î¸«²ò¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë»×¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤·¤«¤·¡¢¥É¡¼¥Ï¡¦¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¤Î·èÃå¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢²«¥²¥¿Éôʬ¤Ï¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢ÎÐ¥²¥¿¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â¡¢¡Ö²áµî¤ÎÀ¸»º¤Ë¤â¤È¤º¤¯¡×¤È¤ÎÉôʬ¤¬¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«Æ±ÍÍ¡¢Ìä¤ï¤ì¤«¤Í¤Ê¤¤¤·¡¢¤Þ¤¿¡¢¡Ö¤Ê¤é¤·¡×Éôʬ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤â¡¢¥°¥ì¡¼¥¾¡¼¥ó¤Î¿§¹ç¤¤¤¬¤è¤ê¶¯¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤â¤Î¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

7.·ëÏÀ-¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎWTO¥³¥ó¥×¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥¹Å¬¹çÅÙ

°Ê¾å¤Î¤³¤È¤«¤é¡¢¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎWTO¥³¥ó¥×¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥¹Å¬¹çÅÙ¤òÅÀ¸¡¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦¡£

(1)Ŭ¹çÅÙȽÃǤδð½à

ȽÃǤδð½à¤ò¤ï¤«¤ê¤ä¤¹¤¯½ñ¤¤¤¿WTO¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È

WTO¡ÖDomestic support¡×
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/agric_e/ag_intro03_domestic_e.htm
¤¬¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢»²¹Í¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£

¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤È

A.ÎФÎÀ¯ºö¤Î¾ò·ï

À¯ºö¸¶»ñ¤Ï¡¢¾ÃÈñ¼Ô¤«¤é¤Î°Üž¤òȼ¤ï¤¦¸¶»ñ¤ò´Þ¤Þ¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢À¸»º¼Ô¤Ø¤Î²Á³Ê»Ù»ý¸ú²Ì¤ò»ý¤Ä¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¡£
À¯ºö¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¸¦µæ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ä¡¢¥È¥ì¡¼¥Ë¥ó¥°¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ê¤É¤ò´Þ¤à¤â¤Î¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£
À¸»º¼Ô¤ËÂФ¹¤ëľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢À¸»º·èÄê¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤é¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î(¤³¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤¬ÇÀ¶ÈÀ¸»º¤Î·Ð±Ä·ÁÂÖ¤äÀ¸»ºÎ̤˱ƶÁ¤òÍ¿¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡¢¥Ç¥«¥Ã¥×¥ê¥ó¥°¤µ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î)
ľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤ÎÎ̤¬¡¢»Ùʧ¤¤¸å¤Î°ìÄê´ü´Ö¤Î¤¢¤¤¤À¡¢ À¸»º¡¢²Á³Ê¡¢ À¸»ºÍ×ÁǤˡ¢ ¥ê¥ó¥¯¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¡£
ľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤ò¼õ¤±¤Æ¤â¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢À¸»º¤òÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¡£

¤½¤ÎľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤Î°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤¬¡¢¼¡¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ë´Ø·¸¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Ê̤δð½à¤Ë¤è¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤¹¤ë¡£

¥Ç¥«¥Ã¥×¥ê¥ó¥°½êÆÀÊä½õ¡¢½êÆÀÊä½þ¡¢¥»¡¼¥Õ¥Æ¥£¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¡¢¼«Á³ºÒ³²µß½õ¡¢¹½Â¤Ä´À°¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¡¢´Ä¶­¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¡¢ÃÏÊý»Ù±ç¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¡¢

B.ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤Î¾ò·ï

»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¡¢¡Ö°ìÄê¤Î¥¨¥ê¥¢¡×¡Ö°ìÄê¤Î»ºÉʡסְìÄê¿ô¤Î²ÈÃܡפËÂФ¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¡£
»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¡¢¡Ö°ìÄê¤Î´ü´Ö¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëÀ¸»º¤Î85¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È°Ê²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¡×¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¡£
ÎФÎÀ¯ºö¤¬¡¢¥Ç¥«¥Ã¥×¥ê¥ó¥°¤µ¤ì¤¿»Ùʧ¤¤¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ò ¥«¥Ð¡¼¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤Ï¡¢»Ùʧ¤¤¤ò¼õ¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤Ê¤ª¡¢ À¸»º¤ÏɬÍפǤϤ¢¤ë¤¬¡¢ ¸½¼Â¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¡¢¸½ºß¤ÎÀ¸»ºÎ̤ˡ¢Ä¾ÀÜ¡¢´Ø·¸¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

C.¥Ç¥ß¥Ë¥ß¥¹(De minimis)¤Î¾ò·ï

ÇÀ¶ÈÀ¸»º³Û¤Î£µ¡ó°Ê²¼¤ÎÊä½õ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢ÉÊÌܤòÆÃÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¹ñÆâ»Ù»ý(ÉÊÌܲ£ÃÇŪ (non-commodity specific)¤Ê½õÀ®)¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¾¯Î̤Ǥ¢¤ë¤³¤È¤«¤é¡¢¡Ö¥Ç¥ß¥Ë¥ß¥¹¡×¤È¤·¤Æºï¸ºÂоݤ«¤é½ü³°¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£

¤Ê¤ª¡¢¥É¡¼¥Ï¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤ËÄɲÃŪÀ©Ìó¾ò¹à¤¬²Ã¤ï¤ë¡£

(2)¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎWTO¥³¥ó¥×¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥¹Å¬¹çÅÙȽÃÇ

¾åµ­¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÎWTO¥³¥ó¥×¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥¹Å¬¹çÅÙ¤òÅÀ¸¡¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£

A.ÊƸÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þ¥â¥Ç¥ë»ö¶È

ÊƸÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þ¥â¥Ç¥ë»ö¶È¤Ï¡¢¡ÖÀ¸»ºÀ©¸ÂŪ(production-limiting )¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢¡Ö²Á³Ê¤Î¾å¾º¡¦²¼¹ß¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Êä½þ¶â³Û¤¬¾å¾º¡¦²¼¹ß¡×¤·¡¢¡Ö¸½ºß¤ÎÀ¸»º¤¬¡¢Êä½þ¶â³Û¤ÈϢư¡×¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

ȽÃÇ

1.ÎФÎÀ¯ºö¤È¤Ï¡¢ ¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¤¤¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡£¡¡(Íýͳ-¡Ö¤³¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤¬ÇÀ¶ÈÀ¸»º¤Î·Ð±Ä·ÁÂÖ¤äÀ¸»ºÎ̤˱ƶÁ¤òÍ¿¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡¢¥Ç¥«¥Ã¥×¥ê¥ó¥°¤µ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¡×¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£)
2.¸½¼Â¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤¬¡¢¸½ºß¤ÎÀ¸»ºÎ̤ˡ¢Ä¾ÀÜ¡¢´Ø·¸¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¤Þ¤¿¡¢¸½¼Â¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤¬¡¢¸½ºß¤ÎÈÎÇä²Á³Ê¤Ë¡¢Ä¾ÀÜ¡¢´Ø·¸¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤Ç¤â¤Ê¤¤¡£(Íýͳ-¡ÖÀ¸»º¤ÏɬÍפǤϤ¢¤ë¤¬¡¢ ¸½¼Â¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¡¢¸½ºß¤ÎÀ¸»ºÎ̤ˡ¢Ä¾ÀÜ¡¢´Ø·¸¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£¡×¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£)
3.À¸»ºÀ©¸Â·×²è¤Ë¤è¤ëľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â¡¢¡Ö°ìÄê¤ÎÌÌÀѵڤÓÀ¸»º¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë»Ùʧ¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤Ï¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡£(Íýͳ-²Á³Ê¤ÈϢư¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¡Ö°ìÄê¡×(fixed)¤È¤Ï¤ß¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£ÉÕ°½ñ2.6¡ÖÀ¸»º¤Ë·¸¤ë¹ñÆâ²Á³ÊËô¤Ï¹ñºÝ²Á³Ê¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤·Ëô¤Ï´ð¤Å¤¯¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£¡×¤Ë°ãÈ¿)
3.¡Öɸ½àŪ¤ÊÀ¸»º¤ËÍפ¹¤ëÈñÍѡפη׻»Êý¼°¤¬ÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î¸À¤¤Ìõ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡Ö¤³¤ì¤é¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¡¢²áµî¤ÎÀ¸»º¼ÂÀӤ˴ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ»Ùʧ¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¡×¤ÈƱÍͤθÀ¤¤Ìõ¤¬ÄÌÍѤ·¤¦¤ë¤Î¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤¬¡¢ÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£(Íýͳ-ÇÀ¶È¶¨Äê6¹à5¹à(i)°ãÈ¿¤Î²ÄǽÀ­¡¢ÉÕ°½ñ2.6(b)¡ÖÀ¸»º¼Ô¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ëÀ¸»º¤Î·ÁÂÖËô¤ÏÎ̡ʲÈÃܤÎƬ¿ô¤ò´Þ¤à¡£¡Ë¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤·Ëô¤Ï´ð¤Å¤¯¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£¡×¤Ë°ãÈ¿)
4.¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î2008ǯÇÀ¶ÈË¡¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯Ä¾ÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©ÅÙ¤ÈƱÍÍ¡¢WTO¤ÎÇÀ¶È¶¨Äê¤Î¥¢¡¼¥Æ¥£¥¯¥ë6¤ÈÉí°½ñ2¤ËÇØÃÚ¤¹¤ëÉôʬ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£(Íýͳ-³ºÅö¾ò¹à¤Ï¡¢ Âè6¾ò¤Î5¹à(a)(üñ)¡¢ÉÕ°½ñ2¤Î6(b)¡¢ÉÕ°½ñ2¤Î6(c)¡¢ÉÕ°½ñ2¤Î7(b)¡¢ÉÕ°½ñ2¤Î7(c)¤Ê¤É¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¤È¤¯¤Ë¡¢Âè6¾ò¤Î5¹à(a)(üñ) )
5.¡Öɸ½àŪ¤ÊÀ¸»ºÈñÍѡפÎÃæ¤Ç¡Ö²È²ϫƯ8³ä¡×¤È¤¢¤ë¡£(Íýͳ-ÉÕ°½ñ2¤Î7(b)¤Î¡ÖÅö³ºÀ¸»º¼Ô¤ÎÁÓ¼º¤·¤¿¼ýÆþ¤Î¼·½½¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È°Ê¾å¤Î³Û¤òÊä½þ¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£¡×¤Ë°ãÈ¿)
6.ÊƤËÉÊÌܤòÆÃÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢»ºÉÊÆÃÄêŪ(product specific )¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£(Íýͳ-Âè6¾ò4¹à(a)(üò)¡Ö»ºÉʤ¬ÆÃÄꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¹ñÆâ½õÀ®¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ÎÁí³Û¤¬²ÃÌÁ¹ñ¤ÎÇÀ¶ÈÀ¸»ºÁí³Û¤Î¸Þ¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È¤òĶ¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¡×¤Ë°ãÈ¿)

°Ê¾å¤Î¤³¤È¤«¤é¡¢¤·¤¤¤Æ¸À¤¨¤Ð¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤¬²áµî¤ËÄó°Æ¤·¤¿¡Ö¿·ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¡×¤Ë¶á¤¤¤È¤¤¤¨¤ë¤¬¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©Å٤ˤª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤³Ûñ²Á¤¬»Ô¾ìǯÅÙÆâ¤ÎÁ´ÊÆÊ¿¶Ñ»Ô¾ì²Á³Ê¤ÎºÇ¹âÃͤò¾å²ó¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤³Ûñ²Á¤Ï¥¼¥í¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤ˤª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¡ÖÄê³ÛÉôʬ+¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¡×¤ÎÊä½þ¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦ÅÀ¤Ê¤É¤ò¤â´Þ¤á¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î¡Ö¿·ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¡×¤è¤ê¤â¡¢¤è¤ê¡Ö²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¡×¤ËʬÎव¤ì¤¨¤ë¡£

B.¿åÅÄÍø³èÍѼ«µëÎϸþ¾å»ö¶È

¿åÅÄÍø³èÍѼ«µëÎϸþ¾å»ö¶È¤Ï¡¢¡ÖÀ¸»ºÀ©¸ÂŪ(production-limiting )¡×¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢¤Þ¤¿¡¢ÉÊÌܤòÆÃÄê(product specific )¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÅÀ¤Ç¡¢ÉÊÌܲ£ÃÇŪ (non-commodity specific)¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£

¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤Þ¤µ¤Ë¡¢¡Ö²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¡×¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤ÎÍ×·ï¤òÈ÷¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

·ë¸ì-WTOÈóŬ¹ç·¿Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤«¤éWTOŬ¹ç·¿Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ø¤Î¥·¥Õ¥È¤¬É¬Í×-

°Ê¾å¤Î¤³¤È¤«¤é¡¢¸½¤ËWTO¤ÇµêÃƤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë2008ǯÇÀ¶ÈË¡¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯Ä¾ÀÜ¡¦ÉÔ­ʧ¤¤Êä½õ¶âÀ©Å٤˶˻÷¤·¤¿¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÊý¼°¤ò¡¢ÆüËÜÀ¯Éܤ¬¡¢¥É¡¼¥Ï¡¦¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¹ç°Õ´Ö¶á¤¤¤³¤Î»þÅÀ¤Ç¡¢¤·¤«¤â¡¢2010ǯÃæ¤Ë¥É¡¼¥Ï¡¦¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¹ç°Õ¤ò»Ý¤È¤·¤¿Àè·î¤ÎG20¤Ç¤Î¥Ô¥Ã¥Ä¥Ð¡¼¥°¡¦¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥È¥á¥ó¥È¤Ë¡¢ ÆüËܤÎÁíÍý¤¬²Ã¤ï¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë°Ê¾å¡¢¤³¤Î¥¿¥¤¥ß¥ó¥°¤Ç¡¢¤³¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤òÂǤÁ½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢¤¿¤È¤¨¡¢¶á»þ¤ÎÀ¤³¦¤Î ÊݸîËÇ°×¼çµÁ¤ÎÂæƬ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢WTO¤Î·ëÏÀ¤¬ËÝÏ®¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ß¤â¡¢ ¤¢¤Þ¤ê¤Ë¡¢ÌµËŤǤ¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤à¤·¤í¡¢¤³¤ÎºÝ¡¢¥É¡¼¥Ï¡¦¥é¥¦¥ó¥É·èÃå¤òÁ°Äó¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤Î¡¢¥ª¥Ð¥ÞÀ¯¸¢¤¬¤¹¤Ç¤Ë»Ö¸þ¤·»Ï¤á¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¡¢ÇÀÀ¯¤Î´Ä¶­¥·¥Õ¥È¤ä¡¢ÇÀ¼Ãϰ衦ÇÀ¶ÈÃÏ°è¤ÎÁí¹çŪÃÏ°èÀ¯ºöŪ´ÑÅÀ¤«¤é¤ÎÀ¯ºö¼ùΩ¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¡¢¥Ñ¥é¥À¥¤¥à¡¦¥·¥Õ¥È¤¬É¬ÍפΤ褦¤Ë»×¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£

ľÀÜʧ¤¤¤Ê¤é¤É¤ó¤Ê¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤Ç¤â¤¤¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤ï¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£

WTOŬ¹ç·¿Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤Î¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤â¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢WTOÈóŬ¹ç·¿Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤Î¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

¡ØÆüËܤˤ⡢EU·¿¤ÎľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤òƳÆþ¤¹¤Ù¤·¡Ù¤È¤«¡ØľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ï¡¢ÆüËܤÀ¤±¡ÙÏÀ¤òŸ³«¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÀ¯¼£²È¤ÎÊý¤ÎÁÛÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡ÖEU¤ÎľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¡×¤È¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ÎµìÍè·¿¤Î¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¡¢1992ǯ¤ÎMacSharry reforms(Old Cap)¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëWTOÈóŬ¹ç·¿Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤(¡Ècompensatory payments¡É ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ëľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤)¤ò¡¢¤´¤Ã¤Á¤ã¤Ë¤·¤Æ¡¢¤¤¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë·ù¤¤¤¬¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£

MacSharry reforms¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÈãȽ¤Ï¡¢Â礭¤¯Æó¤Ä¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Âè°ì¤Ï¡¢ºâÀ¯Ééô¤¬¤¢¤Þ¤ê¤ËÂ礭¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¡£ÂèÆó¤Ï¡¢É¬¤º¤·¤â¡¢À¸»º¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢¥Ë¥å¡¼¥È¥é¥ë¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¤È¤ÎÈãȽ¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£

¤³¤ÎÈãȽ¤Ï¡¢º£²ó¤ÎÆüËܤθÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤ˤ¿¤¤¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤ÎÈãȽÅÀ¤È¤Ê¤ê¤¨¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£

ľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤ÎÀè¿ÊÃÏ°è¤Ç¤¢¤ëEU¤¬¡¢2003ǯ¤ÎFischer reform(New Cap)¤È¥¢¥¸¥§¥ó¥À2000¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ëCAP¸«Ä¾¤·¤ÇÌܻؤ·¤¿¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤Þ¤µ¤Ë¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎMacSharry reforms¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÈãȽ¤Ë±þ¤¨¡¢CAP¤òWTOŬ¹ç·¿Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤("decoupling' payments "¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ëľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤)¤È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î²þ³×¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¤½¤ÎÆâÍƤϡ¢¡ØľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤«¤éñ°ì»Ùʧ¤¤¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¡Ù(From a direct payments system to a single payment scheme)¤Ø¤Îž´¹¤Ç¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£

¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï¡¢farm support (Pillar 1) ¤È rural development (Pillar 2))¤È¤«¤é¤Ê¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¡¢´°Á´¤ËÀ¸»º¤«¤é¥Ë¥å¡¼¥È¥é¥ë¤Ê¥Ç¥«¥Ã¥×¥ê¥ó¥°¤È¡¢Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÇÀ̱¤ËÂФ·¤ÆµÁ̳ÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¤ëÇÀÃϤÎŬÀµ¤ÊÇÀ¶È¡¦´Ä¶­¾ò·ï¤Î°Ý»ý¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¶¯À©¥¯¥í¥¹¡¦¥³¥ó¥×¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥¹¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢ÇÀ¼³«È¯À¯ºö¤Î¶¯²½¤Ë¡¢ºâ¸»¤ò¡¢Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤ò¸º³Û¤·¤Æ¤â¥·¥Õ¥È¤µ¤»¤ëÇÀ¼³«È¯Àïά¤«¤éÀ®¤êΩ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢WTO¥³¥ó¥×¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥¹Å¬¹ç·¿¤ÎľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢Fischer reform¸å¤ÎEU¤À¤±¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢ÆüËܤ¬¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©Å٤ˤè¤Ã¤Æ¿¿»÷¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤â¡¢EU¤ÎFischer reformÁ°¤ÎľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤â¡¢¤¤¤º¤ì¤â¡¢WTOÈóŬ¹ç·¿Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤À¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤òÌõ­¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£

ÆüËܤˤª¤¤¤Æ¤â¡¢²áµî¤ÎľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤ÎÀè¿Ê¹ñ¤¬¤¿¤É¤Ã¤¿Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤Î¤â¤Ä¡¢½É̿Ū¤ÊºâÀ¯Ééô¤Î¥È¥é¥¦¥Þ¤«¤é²óÈò¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤ò¡¢ÆüËÜÈÇWTOŬ¹ç·¿Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤Î¥¹¥­¡¼¥à¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¤¤¤Þ¤«¤é³ÎΩ¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

°Ê¾å

»²¹Í1.¡¡¸ÍÊ̽êÆÀÊä½þÀ©ÅÙ¤¬Äñ¿¨¤¹¤ë¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦WTOÇÀ¶È¶¨Äê¡¡¥¢¡¼¥Æ¥£¥¯¥ë6¤ÈÉÕ°½ñ2¤Î³ºÅö²Õ½ê°ìÍ÷

ÇÀ¶È¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¶¨Äê¡¡Âè»ÍÉô

ÂèÏ»¾ò¡¡¹ñÆâ½õÀ®¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÌó«

£´ (a) ²ÃÌÁ¹ñ¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤Î¹ñÆâ½õÀ®¤ò¸½¹Ô½õÀ®¹ç·×ÁíÎ̤λ»Äê¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¤³¤ÈµÚ¤Óºï¸º¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£
¡¡¡¡(i) »ºÉʤ¬ÆÃÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¹ñÆâ½õÀ®¡Ê¼«¹ñ¤Î¸½¹Ô½õÀ®¹ç·×Î̤λ»Äê¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¤Ù¤­¤â¤Î¤Ë¸Â¤ë¡£¡Ë¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ÎÁí³Û¤¬Åö³ºÇ¯¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë°ì¤Î´ðÁÃÇÀ»ºÉʤÎÀ¸»ºÁí³Û¤Î¸Þ¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È¤òĶ¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î
¡¡ (ii) »ºÉʤ¬ÆÃÄꤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¹ñÆâ½õÀ®¡Ê¼«¹ñ¤Î¸½¹Ô½õÀ®¹ç·×Î̤λ»Äê¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¥Ù¤­¤â¤Î¤Ë¸Â¤ë¡£¡Ë¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ÎÁí³Û¤¬²ÃÌÁ¹ñ¤ÎÇÀ¶ÈÀ¸»ºÁí³Û¤Î¸Þ¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È¤òĶ¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î
¡¡(b) ³«È¯ÅÓ¾å²ÃÌÁ¹ñ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î£´¤ËÄê¤á¤ëɴʬΨ¤Ï¡¢½½¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È¤È¤¹¤ë¡£

£µ (a) À¸»ºÀ©¸Â·×²è¤Ë¤è¤ëľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¼¡¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Ë³ºÅö¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï¡¢¹ñÆâ½õÀ®¤òºï¸º¤¹¤ëÌó«¤ÎÂоݤȤʤé¤Ê¤¤¡£
(i) °ìÄê¤ÎÌÌÀѵڤÓÀ¸»º¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë»Ùʧ
(ii) ´ð½à¤È¤Ê¤ëÀ¸»º¿å½à¤ÎȬ½½¸Þ¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È°Ê²¼¤ÎÀ¸»º¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë»Ùʧ
(iii) °ìÄê¤ÎƬ¿ô¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë²ÈÃܤ˷¸¤ë»Ùʧ
¡¡(b) (a)¤ËÄê¤á¤ë´ð½à¤òËþ¤¿¤¹Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤Ë·¸¤ëºï¸º¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÌó«¤ÎÂоݤ«¤é¤Î½ü³°¤Ï¡¢²ÃÌÁ¹ñ¤Î¸½¹Ô½õÀ®¹ç·×ÁíÎ̤λ»Äê¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤ÆÅö³ºÄ¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤Î²Á³Û¤ò½ü³°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¹Ô¤¦¡£

Âè¼·¾ò¡¡¹ñÆâ½õÀ®¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë°ìÈÌŪµ¬Î§

1. ³Æ²ÃÌÁ¹ñ¤Ï¡¢ÇÀ¶ÈÀ¸»º¼Ô¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¹ñÆâ½õÀ®Á¼Ã֤Ǥ¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Éí°½ñÆó¤ËÄê¤á¤ë´ð½à¤òËþ¤¿¤¹¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤êºï¸º¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÌó«¤ÎÂоݤȤʤé¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢Åö³º´ð½à¤ò°ú¤­Â³¤­Ëþ¤¿¤¹¤³¤È¤ò³ÎÊݤ¹¤ë¡£

2. (£á)¡¡ÇÀ¶ÈÀ¸»º¼Ô¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¹ñÆâ½õÀ®Á¼ÃÖ(½¤Àµ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤ò´Þ¤à¡£)µÚ¤Ó¸å¤ËƳÆþ¤µ¤ì¤¿Á¼Ã֤Ǥ¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Éí°½ñÆó¤ËÄê¤á¤ë´ð½à¤òËþ¤¿¤¹¤³¤ÈËô¤Ï¤³¤Î¶¨Äê¤Î¾¤Îµ¬Äê¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æºï¸º¤ÎÂоݤ«¤é½ü³°¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢²ÃÌÁ¹ñ¤Î¸½¹Ô½õÀ®¹ç·×ÁíÎ̤λ»Äê¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¡£
(£â)¡¡½õÀ®¹ç·×ÁíÎ̤˴ؤ¹¤ëÌ󫤬²ÃÌÁ¹ñ¤Î¾ùµöɽÂè»ÍÉô¤ËÌÀµ­¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Åö³º²ÃÌÁ¹ñ¤Ï¡¢Á°¾ò4¤ËÄê¤á¤ë³ºÅö¤¹¤ëɴʬΨ¤òĶ¤¨¤ÆÇÀ¶ÈÀ¸»º¼Ô¤Ë½õÀ®¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

Éí°½ñÆó¡¡¹ñÆâ½õÀ®¡Êºï¸º¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÌó«¤ÎÂоݤ«¤é¤Î½ü³°¤Îº¬µò¡Ë

£µ¡¡À¸»º¼Ô¤ËÂФ¹¤ëľÀÜ»Ùʧ
¡¡¡¡À¸»º¼Ô¤ËÂФ¹¤ëľÀÜ»Ùʧ¡Ê¸½Êª¤Ë¤è¤ë»ÙʧµÚ¤Ó¸½¤Ëħ¼ý¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¼ýÆþ¤ò´Þ¤à¡£¡Ë¤Ë¤è¤ë½õÀ®¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æºï¸º¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëÌó«¤ÎÂоݤ«¤é½ü³°¤µ¤ì¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï¡¢£±¤ËÄê¤á¤ë´ðËÜŪ¤Ê´ð½à¤Î¤Û¤«¡¢£¶¤«¤é£±£³¤Þ¤Ç¤ËÄê¤á¤ëľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤Î¸ÄÊ̤ÎÎà·¿¤Ë·¸¤ëÆÃÄê¤Î´ð½à¤òËþ¤¿¤¹¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡££¶¤«¤é£±£³¤Þ¤Ç¤ËÄê¤á¤ëľÀÜ»Ùʧ°Ê³°¤Î´û¸¤ÎËô¤Ï¿·¤¿¤ÊÎà·¿¤ÎľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æºï¸º¤ÎÂоݤ«¤é½ü³°¤µ¤ì¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤ï¤ì¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï¡¢£±¤ËÄê¤á¤ë°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê´ð½à¤Î¤Û¤«¡¢£¶¤Î(b)¤«¤é(e)¤Þ¤Ç¤ËÄê¤á¤ë´ð½à¤ËŬ¹ç¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

£¶¡¡À¸»º¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤·¤Ê¤¤¼ýÆþ»Ù»ý
¡¡(a) ¤³¤Î»Ùʧ¤ò¼õ¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎŬ³ÊÀ­¤Ï¡¢Äê¤á¤é¤ì¤¿°ìÄê¤Î´ð½à´ü´Ö¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¼ýÆþ¡¢À¸»º¼ÔËô¤ÏÅÚÃϽêÍ­¼Ô¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦»ö¼Â¡¢Í×ÁǤλÈÍÑ¡¢À¸»º¿å½à¤½¤Î¾¤ÎÌÀ³Î¤ËÄê¤á¤é¤ì¤¿´ð½à¤Ë¾È¤é¤·¤Æ·èÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£
¡¡(b) ¤¤¤º¤ì¤Îǯ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¤³¤Î»Ùʧ¤Î³Û¤â¡¢(a)¤Î´ð½à´ü´Ö¸å¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Îǯ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤ÆÀ¸»º¼Ô¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ëÀ¸»º¤Î·ÁÂÖËô¤ÏÎ̡ʲÈÃܤÎƬ¿ô¤ò´Þ¤à¡£¡Ë¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤·Ëô¤Ï´ð¤Å¤¯¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¡¡(c) ¤¤¤º¤ì¤Îǯ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¤³¤Î»Ùʧ¤Î³Û¤â¡¢(a)¤Î´ð½à´ü´Ö¸å¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Îǯ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ëÀ¸»º¤Ë·¸¤ë¹ñÆâ²Á³ÊËô¤Ï¹ñºÝ²Á³Ê¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤·Ëô¤Ï´ð¤Å¤¯¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¡¡(d) ¤¤¤º¤ì¤Îǯ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¤³¤Î»Ùʧ¤Î³Û¤â¡¢(a)¤Î´ð½à´ü´Ö¸å¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤Îǯ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ëÀ¸»ºÍ×ÁǤ˴ØÏ¢¤·Ëô¤Ï´ð¤Å¤¯¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¡¡(e) ¤³¤Î»Ùʧ¤ò¼õ¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ëÀ¸»º¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤âÍ׵ᤵ¤ì¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

£·¡¡¼ýÆþÊݸ±µÚ¤Ó¼ýÆþÊݾڤ˷¸¤ë»Üºö¤Ø¤ÎÀ¯ÉܤκâÀ¯Åª¤Ê»²²Ã
¡¡(a) ¤³¤Î»Ùʧ¤ò¼õ¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎŬ³ÊÀ­¤Ï¡¢ÇÀ¶È¤«¤éÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¼ýÆþ¤Î¤ß¤ò¹Íθ¤·¤Æ¡¢²áµî»°Ç¯´Ö¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¼ã¤·¤¯¤Ï²áµî¸Þǯ´Ö¤Î¤¦¤Á¼ýÆþ¤¬ºÇÂçµÚ¤ÓºÇ¾®¤Îǯ¤ò½ü¤¯»°Ç¯´Ö¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëÁí¼ýÆþ¡ÊƱ°ìËô¤ÏƱÍͤλܺö¤Ë¤è¤ê¼õ¤±¤¿»Ùʧ¤ò½ü¤¯¡£¡Ë¤ÎÊ¿¶Ñ¤Î»°½½¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È¤ËÁêÅö¤¹¤ë²Á³ÛËô¤Ï½ã¼ýÆþ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ»»Äꤷ¤¿Æ±Åù¤Î²Á³Û¤òĶ¤¨¤ë¼ýÆþ¤ÎÁÓ¼º¤¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ·èÄꤵ¤ì¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¾ò·ï¤òËþ¤¿¤¹À¸»º¼Ô¤Ï¡¢»Ùʧ¤ò¼õ¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎŬ³ÊÀ­¤òÍ­¤¹¤ë¡£
¡¡(b) ¤³¤Î»Ùʧ¤Î³Û¤Ï¡¢À¸»º¼Ô¤¬¤³¤Î±ç½õ¤ò¼õ¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎŬ³ÊÀ­¤òÍ­¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿Ç¯¤ÎÅö³ºÀ¸»º¼Ô¤ÎÁÓ¼º¤·¤¿¼ýÆþ¤Î¼·½½¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È°Ê¾å¤Î³Û¤òÊä½þ¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¡¡(c) ¤³¤Î»Ùʧ¤Î³Û¤Ï¡¢¼ýÆþ¤Ë¤Î¤ß´ØÏ¢¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤¹¤ë¡£¤³¤Î³Û¤Ï¡¢À¸»º¼Ô¤Ë¤è¤ê¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ëÀ¸»º¤Î·ÁÂּ㤷¤¯¤ÏÎ̡ʲÈÃܤÎƬ¿ô¤ò´Þ¤à¡£¡Ë¡¢Åö³ºÀ¸»º¤Ë·¸¤ë¹ñÆâ²Á³Ê¼ã¤·¤¯¤Ï¹ñºÝ²Á³ÊËô¤Ï»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ëÀ¸»ºÍ×ÁǤ˴ØÏ¢¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£
¡¡(d) À¸»º¼Ô¤¬¤³¤Î£·¤Îµ¬Äê¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯»ÙʧµÚ¤Ó£¸¤Îµ¬Äê¡Ê¼«Á³ºÒ³²¤Ë·¸¤ëµßºÑ¡Ë¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¯»Ùʧ¤òƱ°ì¤Îǯ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¼õ¤±¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î»Ùʧ¤ÎÁí³Û¤Ï¡¢À¸»º¼Ô¤Î»¼º¤ÎÁí³Û¤ÎÉ´¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È°Ê¾å¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£

»²¹Í2.¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤¬CCP¤ò¡ØÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¡Ù¤È¤¹¤ëº¬µò¤È¤·¤Æ·Ç¤²¤Æ¤¤¤ëÇÀ¶È¶¨Äꥢ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥¯¥ë6.5(Article 6.5)¤Î¥É¡¼¥Ï¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë²ò¼á¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ

¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÏÇÀ¶È¶¨Äê6¹à5¹à(i)¡Ö°ìÄê¤ÎÌÌÀѵڤÓÀ¸»º¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë»Ùʧ¡×(such payments are based on fixed area and yields)¤òº¬µò¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢CCP¤òÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤È¤·¤Æ¸À¤¤Ä¥¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢¥É¡¼¥Ï¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¸ò¾Ä¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¡ÖWTO agreement on agriculture: The blue box in the July 2004 framework agreement¡×(Ivan Roberts.abare eReport 2005.4)
http://www.abare.gov.au/publications_html/trade/trade_05/er05_wto.pdf

Extending blue box exemptions to include payments that¡¡do not require production and ways that these might be disciplined
(À¸»º¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ä¡¢µ¬À©¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦ÊýË¡¤òɬÍפȤ·¤Ê¤¤»Ùʧ¤¤¤ò´Þ¤à¡¢¡ØÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¡Ù¤Î³ÈÂç¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ)

¢£ Allowing ¡Æpayments that do not require production¡Ç would introduce payments related to prices into the blue box.
(À¸»º¤òɬÍפȤ·¤Ê¤¤»Ùʧ¤¤¤òÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢²Á³Ê¤Ë´Ø·¸¤·¤¿»Ùʧ¤¤¤òÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤Ë´Þ¤á¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£)

These payments currently¡¡ fall under the amber box. Such a¡¡change would make it easier for the United States to ¡Æachieve¡Çsubstantial cuts to its amber box payments.
(¤³¤ì¤é¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¡¢º£¤Î¤È¤³¤í¤Ï¡¢²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤ËʬÎव¤ì¤ë¡£
¾åµ­¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÊѹ¹¤Ï¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢²«¿§¤ÎÀ¯ºö¤Î¥«¥Ã¥È¤ò¤¿¤ä¤¹¤¯¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£)

¢£ The new blue box provision would allow additional market distorting¡¡support and would weaken current WTO domestic support disciplines.
(¡Ø¿·ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¡Ù¾ò¹à¤òÀߤ±¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ê¤ëËÇ°×ÏĶÊŪ¹ñÆâ»Ù»ý¤òÉղ乤뤳¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¡¢¸½ºß¤ÎWTO¤Î¹ñÆâ»Ù»ýµ¬À©¤ò¼å¤¯¤µ¤»¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£)
It may also enable the United States to meet the Doha Round¡¡mandate of achieving ¡Æsubstantial reductions in domesticsupport¡Ç without having to change the form or actual level of¡¡support to US producers.
(¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢¤µ¤ì¤Ï¡¢WTO¥É¡¼¥Ï¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¡Ø¹ñÆâ»Ù»ý¤Î¼Â¼ÁŪ¤Ê½Ì¸º¡×¤È¤¤¤¦Ì¿Âê¤Ë¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ò¤·¤Æ¡¢Å¬¹ç¤µ¤»¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£)

¢£ Just stipulating that farmers do not need to produce to receive¡¡payments does not mean that those payments will not encourage¡¡additional production.
(ÇÀ̱¤¬Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤ò¼õ¤±¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢À¸»º¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òÍפ·¤Ê¤¤¤Èµ¬Äꤹ¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤¬¹¹¤Ê¤ëÄɲÃŪÀ¸»º¤ò¾©Î夷¤Ê¤¤¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡£)

¢£ If payments are related to prices, such as counter¡¡cyclical payments,they are likely to influence production.
(¤â¤·¡¢Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤¬¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î¥«¥¦¥ó¥¿¡¼¡¦¥µ¥¤¥¯¥ê¥«¥ë»Ùʧ¤¤¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢²Á³Ê¤Ë´Ø·¸¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Ê¤é¡¢)¤½¤ì¤é¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¡¢À¸»º¤Ë¤¿¤Ö¤ó¤Ë±Æ¶Á¤¹¤ë¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¡£)

¢£ The stipulation of fixed and unchanging bases in blue box criteriain the WTO negotiating agreement will help to limit market distortions arising from growers¡Ç expectations of changing bases in the¡¡future.
(WTOÇÀ¶È¶¨Äê¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤Î´ð½à¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡Ø¸ÇÄꤵ¤ì¡¢ÊѤï¤é¤Ê¤¤¥Ù¡¼¥¹¡Ù¤È¤Îµ¬Äê¤Ë¤Ï¡¢À¸»º¼Ô¤¬¡¢¾­Íè¡¢¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤¬ÊѤï¤ë¤³¤È¤òͽ¬¤·¤Æ¤Î¡¢»Ô¾ì¤ÎÏĶʤòÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ë°ÕÌ£¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£)

¢£ The weakening of the WTO domestic support rules arising from the¡¡inclusion of the new blue box provision (allowing the inclusion of¡¡some forms of price related support) could be limited by placing¡¡further controls on such support.¡¡
(¡Ø¿·ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¡Ù¾ò¹à¤Î¿·Àߤˤè¤Ã¤Æ¡¢²Á³Ê¤Ë´ØÏ¢¤·¤¿¹ñÆâ»Ù»ý¤¬¿²ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤òµö¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢WTO¤Î¹ñÆâ»Ù»ýµ¬À©¤¬¼å¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê»Ù»ý¤ËÂФ·¹¹¤Ê¤ë¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¤ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¸Â³¦¤òÍ¿¤¨¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¡£)

The 5 per cent limit on blue box exemptions
(ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤ËÂФ¹¤ë5¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥ÈÎã³°À©¸Â¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ)

¢£ US counter¡¡cyclical payments could be included under the new¡¡provision in the negotiating agreement to allow blue box exemptions or payments where no production is required.
(¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î¥«¥¦¥ó¥¿¡¼¡¦¥µ¥¤¥¯¥ê¥«¥ë¡¦¥Ú¥¤¥á¥ó¥È¤Ï¡¢¿·ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤Î²¼¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤ÎÎã³°¤òǧ¤á¤é¤ì¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤¦¤ë¤·¡¢¤Þ¤¿¡¢À¸»º¤¬Í׵ᤵ¤ì¤Ê¤¤Ä¾ÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ë¤â´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤¦¤ë¡£)

Under present¡¡legislation these payments would be well below the proposed 5 percent limit.
(¸½ºß¤ÎWTOµ¬À©¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¡¢5¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È¸Â³¦ÃͰʲ¼¤Ç¤¢¤í¤¦¡£)

This is largely because the value of the items receiving support¡¡payments constitutes only about 25 per cent of the total value ofUS agricultural production.
(¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢Â礭¤¯¡¢»Ù»ý»Ùʧ¤¤ÂоÝÉÊÌܤÎÃͤ¬¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎÇÀ¶ÈÀ¸»º¤ÎÁí²ÁÃͤΤ¿¤Ã¤¿25¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È¤È¤·¤«¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£)

So the 5 per cent limit is equivalentto 20 per cent of the value of the supported activities.
(¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢5¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥ÈÀ©¸Â¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢»Ù»ý¹Ô°Ù¤Î²ÁÃͤÎ20¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È¤ÈÅù¤·¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¡£)

Maximum countercyclical payments are estimated at US$7billion a year, which is well below the 5 per cent limit which¡¡would vary between about US$9.2 billion and US$10.2 billiona year.
(¥«¥¦¥ó¥¿¡¼¡¦¥µ¥¤¥¯¥ê¥«¥ë¡¦¥Ú¥¤¥á¥ó¥È¤ÎºÇÂç»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¡¢°ìǯ´Ö70²¯¥É¥ë¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤Èɾ²Á¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢°ìǯ¤Ç¡¢92²¯¥É¥ë¤«¤é102²¯¥É¥ë¤Î´Ö¤Ç¡¢ÊѲ½¤·¤¦¤ë¤Ê¤«¤Ç¡¢5¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥ÈÀ©¸Â°Ê²¼¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£)

Under present WTO provisions, the United States already has¡¡the ability to provide payments of over 40 per cent of the value¡¡of program crops even without the addition of the new blue boxexemption provision in the negotiating agreement.
(¸½ºß¤ÎWTO¤Î¾ò¹à¤Ë¤è¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Ï¡¢¿·ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤ÎÎã³°¾ò¹à¤òÀߤ±¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¡¢¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¡¢ ¥«¥¦¥ó¥¿¡¼¡¦¥µ¥¤¥¯¥ê¥«¥ë¡¦¥Ú¥¤¥á¥ó¥È¡¦¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÎÂоݺîʪ¤Î²ÁÃͤÎ40¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È¤òĶ¤¨¤ë»Ùʧ¤¤Ç½ÎϤòÈ÷¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ )

¢£ The European Union is currently the largest user of blue box exemptions, with its most recently notified use being around 9 per centof its total value of agricultural production.
(EU¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¸½ºß¤Ï¡¢ÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤ÎÎã³°Á¼ÃÖ¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ëºÇÂç¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢ºÇ¶á¤Î¿ôÃͤǤϡ¢ÇÀ¶ÈÀ¸»º¤ÎÁí²ÁÃͤÎ9¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ÈÄ̹𤵤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë ¡£)

This is well above the¡¡proposed 5 per cent cap.
(¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢5¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È°Ê¾å¤Î¿ôÃͤǤ¢¤ë¡£)

¢£ Under EU reforms, support is being restructured toward single farmpayments on which the European Union seems likely to seek green¡¡box exemptions on the grounds of decoupling.
(EU²þ³×¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î»Ù»ýÀ¯ºö¤Ï¡¢Ã±°ì»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ë¸þ¤±¤Æ¡¢¥ê¥¹¥È¥é¥¯¥Á¥ã¡¼¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢EU¤Ç¤ÎľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¥«¥Ã¥×¥ê¥ó¥°¡¦¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤ÎÎФÎÀ¯ºö¤Ç¤ÎÎã³°Á¼ÃÖ¤òÌϺ÷¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤ë¡£)

Such a transition¡¡could enable the European Union to manage its blue box payments¡¡to fall within the proposed 5 per cent cap.
(¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊľÀÜ»Ùʧ¤¤¤Î°Ü¹Ô¤Ï¡¢EU¤ò¤·¤Æ¡¢¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎÀĤÎÀ¯ºö¤ò5¥Ñ¡¼¥»¥ó¥È°Ê²¼¤Î¥­¥ã¥Ã¥×¤Ë¤È¤É¤Þ¤»¤ë¤è¤¦´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤µ¤»¤¦¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£)

¢£ In recent years, EU support levels (as indicated by the Aggregate¡¡Measurement of Support) have been markedly below the European¡¡Union¡Çs permitted limits.
(ºÇ¶á¤ÎEU¤Ç¤Î»Ù»ý¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ï¡¢AMS¤Ç¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¸Â¤ê¡¢Ãø¤·¤¯EU¤¬Ç§¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤ò²¼²ó¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£)

This would appear to give the EuropeanUnion flexibility to offer marked cuts to AMS limits in the DohaRound without having to reduce its present levels of nonexempt¡¡domestic support.
(¤³¤Î¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢¸½ºß¤Ç¤ÎÎã³°¤È¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¹ñÆâ»Ù»ý¤Î¸½ºß¤Î¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤ò¤³¤ì°Ê¾å¸º¤é¤µ¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¡¢¥É¡¼¥Ï¥é¥¦¥ó¥É¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëAMSÀ©¸Â¤òÃø¤·¤¯¥«¥Ã¥È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ø¤Î¥ª¥Õ¥¡¡¼¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢ ½ÀÆð¤ËÂбþ¤Ç¤­¤ë¤³¤È¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤ë¡£)

°Ê¾å

¡¡

¤ªÃΤ餻:

ÆüËܤ«¤é¥·¥«¥´¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÇäÇ㤬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë
¡Ö¥·¥«¥´¡¦¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÇäÇãÀïά¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¡×
(A4ÈÇ297¥Ú¡¼¥¸¡¢5,900±ß¡¢CD-ROMÈǤÏ4,800±ß)
¤ò¤³¤Î¤¿¤Ó½ñ¤­¾å¤²¡¢È¯´©¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£

ÆâÍÆ¡¦Ìܼ¡¤Î¤´³Îǧ¤ä¤ªµá¤á¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Á¤é¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

¤ªÆÁÍѤʥÀ¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥ÉÈÇ-ÅŻҽñÀÒPDF¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë(297¥Ú¡¼¥¸¡¢3,980±ß)¤´´õ˾¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Á¤é¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

No Comments

No comments yet.

RSS feed for comments on this post. | TrackBack URI

Sorry, the comment form is closed at this time.